Rabu, 27 Juli 2011

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Developing and Using Classroom Assessments (4th Edition), by Albert Oosterhof

 

For Test and Measurement courses. Also appropriate as a supplement in an Educational Psychology or Teaching Methods course where assessment is given more than cursory treatment.

This brief, inexpensive text focuses on how to write, construct, and use assessments in the classroom. It continues to take a balanced approach to assessment, involving both traditional and innovative techniques. It includes the development and use of written tests, informal assessments, portfolios, and performance assessments. This balanced approach to assessment is what prospective teachers need when they get into the classroom.

  • Sales Rank: #836682 in Books
  • Brand: Oosterhof, Albert
  • Published on: 2008-08-06
  • Ingredients: Example Ingredients
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.19" h x .48" w x 7.48" l, 1.15 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 304 pages

From the Publisher
This inexpensive short paperback focuses on teacher development and use of a wide range of assessments. In Developing and Using Classroom Assessments, Oosterhof provides both prospective and practicing teachers with a thorough, balanced integration of theoretical principles and hands-on experiences of assessment techniques that are relevant to today's classroom.

From the Back Cover
This updated, brief, inexpensive book focuses on how to write, construct, and use assessments in the classroom. It continues to take a balanced approach to assessment, involving both traditional and innovative techniques. It includes the development and use of written tests, informal assessments, portfolios, and performance assessments. This balanced approach to assessment is what prospective teachers need when they get into the classroom.Coverage includes integrating assessments into the learning process, showing the implications of research in cognitive psychology and showing how classroom assessments can facilitate transfer of learning and development of problem solving skills.For professionals in the field of Educational Psychology or anyone interested in teaching methods.

Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.

This book and the accompanying Web site provide a significant but succinct discussion of the development and use of classroom assessments. The book is designed for college courses and other settings for which a full survey textbook is inappropriate in terms of coverage and cost. Developing and Using Classroom Assessments is particularly appropriate in the following settings:

  • An educational psychology course that includes a substantive discussion of assessment
  • An integrated methods course in which assessment is taught as one of several components
  • A full-length assessment course that uses a series of readings or involves the class in extensive field experience
  • Self-study by school teachers and post-secondary instructors
FEATURES OP THIS BOOK

This book engages the reader. To illustrate, take time to page through the book and you will find numerous queries embedded in the text. Each is labeled "Apply What You Are Learning" and invites the reader to immediately apply recently learned concepts to realistic situations. Subsequent text often builds on these queries. This book also engages readers by drawing upon the considerable experience each of us has had with assessments as students and teachers. The introduction to each chapter uses familiar situations to establish relevance for issues to be addressed. Each chapter concludes with activities that connect the content of that chapter to real-world needs in the classroom.

Developing and Using Classroom Assessments also incorporates the broader context within which classroom assessments occur. For instance, the major implications of cognitive psychology to assessment are discussed throughout the book, such as the differences between declarative and procedural knowledge, the nature of problem solving, and options for assessing each. Similarly, in recognition that informal assessments represent a high proportion of classroom assessment activities, a full chapter is devoted to using informal observations and questions, and another chapter addresses their use to integrate assessment into instruction.

ORGANIZATION

Developing and Using Classroom Assessments is organized into four parts. Part I provides the teacher with a framework for assessing students. Components of this framework include determining how results of an assessment will be used, establishing the behaviors that indicate whether or not learning has taken place, gathering evidence to determine whether an assessment is valid, and establishing whether it is reasonable to generalize from observed performance to unobserved performance. These components of the assessment framework are illustrated with practical and familiar examples. This assessment framework is then applied extensively in Parts II, III, and IV of the book.

Parts II and III are concerned with the development, administration, and scoring of assessments. Part II focuses on written tests, including the essay, short-answer, and objectively scored formats. In Chapters 6 through 9, the reader learns when and how to use each format, including nontrivial attributes that should be built into each type of test item. The reader immediately practices what has been learned by critiquing a combination of well-constructed and faulty test items. Chapter 10 is concerned with helping students take written tests.

Part III focuses on alternative assessments, including informal observations and questions, performance assessments, and portfolios. Books on assessment often provide a cursory treatment of the casual observation and questioning of students, even though these informal assessments provide the basis for most formative evaluations in the classroom. Chapter 11 discusses these assessments in some detail. It identifies qualities critical to casual questioning and observation and illustrates their relevance through analogies to social interactions with which readers are very familiar. Two chapters are devoted to performance assessments. Chapter 12 addresses several factors to consider when using this powerful assessment medium, including characteristics, options for scoring, and things to do before creating each performance assessment. Chapter 13 describes in detail procedures to follow when creating performance assessments. The creation of five performance assessments is illustrated. Chapter 14 describes how to use portfolios to integrate assessment and instruction, including how to design portfolios and how to guide their use by students.

Part IV focuses on the use of assessments. Chapter 15 is concerned with integrating assessment into instruction. Particular attention is given to specific roles of assessment within cognitivist and constructivist approaches to learning. Chapter 16 describes how to report student performance to parents and others outside the classroom. Issues addressed include inferring what a student knows from what was observed, establishing performance standards, and assigning grades. Chapter 17 addresses the interpretation of students' scores on standardized tests. A significant section helps the reader evaluate common uses of standardized tests that directly affect classroom activities.

FEATURES OF THE WEB SITE

A Web site has been developed to supplement this book. Incorporating a Web site provides added flexibility, helps the book achieve relevance, and makes it easier to remain current within a rapidly evolving field. The address of the web site is www.prenhall.com/oosterhof.

The Web site is organized into three parts. The first part contains self-instructional modules and illustrations designed to supplement the book. For example, one illustration shows ways to use a word processor to produce written tests more efficiently. Another shows the effect that changing the number of observations has orb the probability of correctly categorizing student achievement. The instructional modules deal with specialized topics that often are included in an introductory measurement course. For instance, one module helps the user understand the significant effect regression often has on test scores. Another shows what correction for guessing or formula scoring does and does not accomplish. A series of modules address standard deviation and correlation along with their role in computing reliability and validity coefficients.

The second part of the Web site describes a number of course projects that relate to topics addressed in the book. Many of these projects include worked-out examples created by practicing teachers and others.

The third part of the Web site provides links to a variety of sites on the Internet associated with educational measurement, particularly those concerned with assessments in the classroom. These sites provide access to current professional papers and reports, discussion of issues, information about school testing programs, and access to listservs, software, and search engines.

Most helpful customer reviews

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Developing and Using Classroom Assessments
By Tabitha
I ordered this book for my graduate course in reading education. This is the tool for assessment. It is comprehensive and contains a huge amount of information on the subject of assessment. You name it it's in this book. The book is also well organized so that you can go straight to any topic you are researching without having to reread the entire book. It is organized into sections that contain chapters about a specific subject. The chaters break the information down into even smaller components so that you only research the subject you are interested in at that particular time, and again you don't have to reread the entire textbook. For example, Part 1 is entitlted How to establish a framework for assessing your students. It contains chapters 2 through 5 explaining in detail how to measure, gather evidence, generalize performance, etc. It's my official go to book for reference and research. I do not intend to sell it back.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Really average book
By TERRY V BLAUVELT
I had to use this book for a graduate educational assessment course. The book uses a lot of doublespeak and circular language. It also seems to be woefully short on examples. Several chapters need supporting discussion of the topic (i.e. Chapter 5 Generalizability theory would benefit from a discussion (or at least a comparison) on Classical Test Theory). Although, I believe the creation of accurate, reliable, and consistent measurements is imperative, this book is more geared for scientific creation of assessments than it is for high school testing.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Two Stars
By Rohan Boothe
Book had leaves falling out and tacky orange highlighter all over.

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Selasa, 26 Juli 2011

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The Intelligent Asset Allocator: How to Build Your Portfolio to Maximize Returns and Minimize Risk, by Bernstein William

  • Sales Rank: #10295257 in Books
  • Published on: 2001
  • Binding: Hardcover

Most helpful customer reviews

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Awesome introduction, deep (and not an easy) reading
By L. GUIDO
Really good overview of Asset Allocation, especially about diversification through assets, titles and metals (gold). Easy to read, filled of practical experiences and wise examples. Chapters 1 and 2 worth the payment!
And what I think to be the best feature: IT'S WRITTEN FOR INDIVIDUAL INVESTORS, not corporate ones. So the book doesn't assume you have millions of dollars. Instead, author repetitively says that you need to take care about transaction costs and taxes.
If you are a personal investor and wants to get some new knowledge about asset allocation, this book is a good starting point.
But be awarded: It's a introductory reading, but not an easy one. Content is deep and clever, and author says (and I absolutely agree) that you shouldn't read more than one chapter a day.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Simple, "No BS" advice for long term investors
By Brad Pritts
Bernstein has done a nice job in debunking the most important myth of the investment field - namely, that it is possible to beat the market on a sustained basis. It is an unfortunate reality that the investment management industry - stockbrokers, mutual funds, and many investment advisors - are still able to sell their products despite the long term research that Bernstein cites, showing plainly that no one beats the market consistently in the long haul. Earlier in my investment "career" I tried several of these "experts" and was frustrated that they made more money on the investments than I did.

What Bernstein does do well is to collect the results of much academic research with his own analysis, and clearly show the
facts about investment performance. The principle findings are that each type of financial instrument - large cap stock, small cap stock, bond, etc., have characteristic historical performance; and that the most important decision investors face is their allocation of their investments across these classes. He gives simple but powerful suggestions.

Bernstein's goal is to make this information available to all, whether or not the reader understands financial math and statistics. I believe that he does a good job at this, separating the mathematical and statistical details for those who want to see them.

I would strongly recommend this to any investors who are still purchasing individual stocks or actively managed mutual funds.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Some good insights but in need of an update
By T. Moore
I found this book useful, especially the chapter that brings everything together and gives example index funds to use. However, I'm still left wanting more, especially regarding the more complex subject of bonds. Despite the author's repeated advice to avoid recency (a tendency to weight risk and reward based on recent market conditions), there is a lot of reference to "recent" market conditions. That would be fine, but at the time I write this review the "recent" events referenced happened about 15 years ago. It would have been useful if this book had been updated to reflect the events of 2008. No doubt the theory discussed still holds, but an exploration of how it would have affected portfolios over this period would have made the text more relevant to recent readers.

Still, I would recommend this book as an introductory text to managing risk and reward. For readers wanting to take it to the next level, and are prepared to tackle the next level of math that this requires, then I would suggest taking a look at "Investment Theory & Risk Management" by Steven Peterson (Wiley Finance).

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Minggu, 24 Juli 2011

[X321.Ebook] Download PDF GPS Made Easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the Outdoors, by Lawrence Letham

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GPS Made Easy: Using Global Positioning Systems in the Outdoors, by Lawrence Letham

This continues to be the best-selling instructional for the wildly popular consumer GPS technology because it is also the most up-to-date of any text on the topic.

The fourth edition covers improvements in GPS accuracy as a result of WAAS (Wide Area Augmentation System). Many new GPS receivers now accept corrective signals from this system of satellites and ground stations. WAAS is referred to in every section of the book describing accuracy.

The updated title has a new chapter explaining how to download maps and computer software to a GPS receiver, including examples readers can follow.

  • Sales Rank: #3201967 in Books
  • Brand: Lawrence Letham
  • Published on: 2003-11
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .53" h x 5.64" w x 8.40" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 224 pages

Review
A good book for those considering buying a GPS. -- Billings Gazette

Essential if you plan to ski or snowboard off marked trails. -- Sacramento Bee

About the Author
Lawrence Letham, an electrical engineer, is an avid hiker and camper long fascinated by maps and the art of navigation. He lives in Arizona.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Good information!
By Chris
Very in-depth book about GPS basics. Some of the information in it is irrelevant but still, If you are a beginner to the GPS world I would recommend this book.

27 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
Early guide to the facts of GPS and mapping
By Former Rater
This book is the book I bought along with my Garmin etrex vista. The book covers the original generation of GPS systems and gives a thorough overview of the common (and not so common) systems adopted around the world for mapping locations.
It is invaluable as a reference and for anybody who wants to know more than how to push a button.
I would never, ever, travel to any remote area without at least two good compasses and the requisite topos. Yes, I love my GPS - but I have to replace it because it was lost (along with a daypack) in a self-arrest on Mt. Moran last summer. Batteries run down and wars may make the system less accurate (or unavailable). All of these issues are covered in this fine little book.
GPS technology is wonderful and the EU plans to launch yet another system in the next decade. The devices will become more affordable -- but the fundamental aspects of mapping and how these devices work is well explained by this fine reference and it will remain the reference for years to come.

19 of 21 people found the following review helpful.
Essential and Practical
By Donald Hyatt
This book is intended for a particular audience, and I think it meets the needs of that audience rather well. Frankly, if you do not have a working knowledge of basic land navigation prior to buying this book, and before buying a GPS for that matter, much of the book will not make much sense. At the same time, if what you are looking for is a detailed account of the technical side of GPS operations and use, this book won't provide what you want. What is covered well in this book is combining the use of GPS with a map for safe and accurate navigation.

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  • Sales Rank: #2742407 in Books
  • Published on: 2010-03-29
  • Number of items: 2
  • Binding: Paperback

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Jumat, 15 Juli 2011

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It's easy to teach yourself Hindi!

Complete Hindi: A Teach Yourself Guide provides you with a clear and comprehensive approach to Hindi, so you can progress quickly from the basics to understanding, speaking, and writing Hindi with confidence.

Within each of the 24 thematic chapters, important language structures are introduced through life-like dialogues. You'll learn grammar in a gradual manner so you won't be overwhelmed by this tricky subject. Exercises accompany the texts and reinforce learning in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. This program also features current cultural information boxes that reflect recent changes in society.

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  • One and five-minute introductions to key principles to get you started
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    • Sales Rank: #1026005 in Books
    • Published on: 2011-04-22
    • Original language: English
    • Number of items: 1
    • Dimensions: 7.80" h x 1.20" w x 5.10" l, 1.02 pounds
    • Binding: Paperback
    • 496 pages

    About the Author

    Rupert Snell

    teaches Hindi at the School of Oreiental and African Studies, University of London.

    Most helpful customer reviews

    2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
    Best starter Hindi book
    By Abdullah Shaikh
    Namaste. Mein is kitab ke saat bahut khush hein. I have used several Hindi text books to try and get my game on in the Bollywood world, but this one has been my favorite so far. It has a very smooth flow and gets you speaking write away and makes sure you are acquainted with the writing as well, as it abandons english transliterations a few lessons in.

    2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
    A very good book for teaching yourself everyday Hindi
    By Amos
    The soap-opera storyline running through the book is entertaining, and the language really is everyday, colloquial Hindi, according to the native speakers that I consulted. I've been reading this book on the bus to and from work, and it's great for filling up small chunks of time with learning a language.

    3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
    Excellent explanations
    By Elsie Suess
    Very well written. I had mine spiral bound at Office Depot for $5. Makes studying easier if you can lay it flat.

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  • Kamis, 14 Juli 2011

    [J189.Ebook] Free PDF Occupational Health And Safety For The 21St Century, by Robert H. Friis

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    • Sales Rank: #123033 in Books
    • Published on: 2015-03-25
    • Original language: English
    • Number of items: 1
    • Dimensions: 9.90" h x 1.20" w x 7.60" l, .0 pounds
    • Binding: Paperback
    • 452 pages

    Most helpful customer reviews

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    Good Text For School
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    Minggu, 10 Juli 2011

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    "A collection of important, eloquent, and often mesmerizing writings by American Indian Women. . . . A profoundly moving statement of resilience and renewal."―San Francisco Chronicle

    This long-awaited anthology celebrates the experience of Native American women and is at once an important contribution to our literature and an historical document. It is the most comprehensive anthology of its kind to collect poetry, fiction, prayer, and memoir from Native American women. Over eighty writers are represented from nearly fifty nations, including such nationally known writers as Louise Erdrich, Linda Hogan, Leslie Marmon Silko, Lee Maracle, Janet Campbell Hale, and Luci Tapahonso; others ― Wilma Mankiller, Winona LaDuke, and Bea Medicine ― who are known primarily for their contributions to tribal communities; and some who are published here for the first time in this landmark volume.

    • Sales Rank: #656443 in Books
    • Color: White
    • Published on: 1998-09-17
    • Original language: English
    • Number of items: 1
    • Dimensions: 9.20" h x 1.10" w x 5.70" l, 1.62 pounds
    • Binding: Paperback
    • 576 pages

    From Library Journal
    Coeditors Harjo (The Woman Who Fell from the Sky, LJ 11/15/94) and Bird (Full Moon on the Reservation, Greenfield Review, 1994) have put together a one-of-a-kind anthology of fiction, poetry, and memoir from over 80 Native women writers representing over 50 nations. Although nationally known writers such as Louise Erdrich, Linda Hogan, and Leslie Silko are included, many others are being published here for the first time. More than a collection of literature, this work is divided into four sections?genesis, struggle, transformation, and returning?to illuminate the writing process. Each writer introduces herself and her philosophical perspective about writing, and the willingness to share personal stories makes this a work of rare beauty, truth, and power. In addition, the anthology also highlights the writers' views on universal concerns such as violence against women, poverty, alcoholism, depression, government/Native American relations, and, especially, identity and place. Recommended for all libraries.?Vicki Leslie Toy Smith, Univ. of Nevada, Reno
    Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc.

    From Booklist
    Harjo and Bird explain that the idea for this unprecedented and invaluable anthology grew out of a cycle of conversations among Native American women about their experiences as members of tribal nations, as Americans and Canadians, and as writers and community leaders. As editors, Harjo and Bird hoped to preserve the positive energy of these candid dialogues, and they have succeeded admirably, collecting more than 80 voices from Maui to Alberta, New Mexico to Michigan. Well-known writers such as Louise Erdrich, Linda Hogan, Leslie Silko, and Janet Campbell Hale are present, and so are the poetry, fiction, and memoirs of native women writers who will be new to most readers. Harjo and Bird have also gone beyond the purely literary realm and published the writings of such activists as Wilma Mankiller, Bea Medicine, Sonlatsa Jim-James, and Winona LaDuke. Donna Seaman

    Review
    A collection of important, eloquent, and often mesmerizing writings by American Indian Women. . . . A profoundly moving statement of resilience and renewal. -- San Francisco Chronicle

    The cultural experiences each woman relates, whether joyous or grievous, add a beauty and grace to the collection, in the form of a diverse but shared humanity. -- Hungry Mind Review

    The publication of this anthology . . . marks a new chapter in the prominence of native women's words. -- Women's Review of Books

    Voices of unquenchable beauty and integrity. -- Adrienne Rich

    Most helpful customer reviews

    14 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
    exceptional range of work
    By A Customer
    I teach Native American literature. Since the publication of this book I have been unable to exclude it from my syllabus. Students almost unanimously have endorsed this choice, even when they had to shell out the money for the hardcover. Now that it is in paperback, no one should exclude it.
    I only regret that an anthology of similar quality of organization, focus, and selection does not exist for male and female Native writers.

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    Spellbinding Women's Literature
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    I bought this book out of my interest in Indian literature, but found that it resonated as deeply with my non-Indian womaness. Simple and clear, the writings take you all over the place and bring you back to yourself. Thanks to my Indian sisters.

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    old book--written in 1997--wonderful
    By BbP
    Are you an Indian woman?
    No matter. YOU WILL LOVE this book.

    I got this INDIAN story book for my sister in
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    Kamis, 07 Juli 2011

    [A455.Ebook] Fee Download Our Grandchildren Redesigned: Life in the Bioengineered Society of the Near Future, by Michael Bess

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    Our Grandchildren Redesigned: Life in the Bioengineered Society of the Near Future, by Michael Bess

    Our Grandchildren Redesigned: Life in the Bioengineered Society of the Near Future, by Michael Bess



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    Our Grandchildren Redesigned: Life in the Bioengineered Society of the Near Future, by Michael Bess

    A panoramic overview of biotechnologies that can endlessly boost human capabilities and the drastic changes these “superhuman” traits could trigger
     
    Biotechnology is moving fast. In the coming decades, advanced pharmaceuticals, bioelectronics, and genetic interventions will be used not only to heal the sick but to boost human physical and mental performance to unprecedented levels. People will have access to pills that make them stronger and faster, informatic devices will interface seamlessly with the human brain, and epigenetic modification may allow people to reshape their own physical and mental identities at will.

    Until recently, such major technological watersheds—like the development of metal tools or the industrialization of manufacturing—came about incrementally over centuries or longer. People and social systems had time to adapt: they gradually developed new values, norms, and habits to accommodate the transformed material conditions. But contemporary society is dangerously unprepared for the dramatic changes it is about to experience down this road on which it is already advancing at an accelerating pace.

    The results will no doubt be mixed. People will live longer, healthier lives, will fine-tune their own thought processes, and will generate staggeringly complex and subtle forms of knowledge and insight. But these technologies also threaten to widen the rift between rich and poor, to generate new forms of social and economic division, and to force people to engage in constant cycles of upgrades and boosts merely to keep up. Individuals who boost their traits beyond a certain threshold may acquire such extreme capabilities that they will no longer be recognized as unambiguously human.

    In this important and timely book, prize-winning historian Michael Bess provides a clear, nontechnical overview of cutting-edge biotechnology and paints a vivid portrait of a near-future society in which bioenhancement has become a part of everyday life. He surveys the ethical questions raised by the enhancement enterprise and explores the space for human agency in dealing with the challenges that these technologies will present.

    Headed your way over the coming decades: new biotechnologies that can powerfully alter your body and mind.

    The possibilities are tantalizing:

    • Rejuvenation therapies offering much longer lives (160 and even beyond) in full vigor and mental acuity
    • Cognitive enhancement through chemical or bioelectronic means (the rough equivalent of doubling or tripling IQ scores)
    • Epigenetic tools for altering some of your genetically influenced traits at any point in your lifetime (body shape, athletic ability, intelligence, personality)
    • Bioelectronic devices for modulating your own brain processes, including your “pleasure centers” (a potentially non-stop high)
    • Direct control of machines by thought, and perhaps direct communication with other people, brain-to-brain (a new dimension of sharing and intimacy)

    But some of the potential consequences are also alarming:

    • A growing rift between the biologically enhanced and those who can’t afford such modifications
    • A constant cycle of upgrades and boosts as the bar of “normal” rises ever higher—“Humans 95, Humans XP, Humans 8”
    • The fragmentation of humankind into rival “bioenhancement clusters”
    • A gradually blurring boundary between “person” and “product”
    • Extreme forms of self-modification, with some individuals no longer recognized as unambiguously human


    From the Hardcover edition.

    • Sales Rank: #134941 in Books
    • Published on: 2016-09-06
    • Released on: 2016-09-06
    • Original language: English
    • Number of items: 1
    • Dimensions: 8.80" h x 1.00" w x 5.80" l, .0 pounds
    • Binding: Paperback
    • 320 pages

    Review
    “In the future, accelerating technology and unexpected, revolutionary events—most of which will never be predicted by futurists—may produce a society as alien as some of our tools. Bess delivers an insightful philosophical analysis of how we must adjust.”
    —Kirkus Reviews

    “Rejuvenation therapies that could potentially extend human lifespans to 160 years or more, chemical or bioelectronic cognitive enhancement that could double or triple IQ scores, bioelectronic devices for modulating brain processes including ‘pleasure centers,’ so-called ‘designer babies,’ and much more are poised to cross the threshold from science fiction to reality in the near future. Michael Bess offers a sober prediction of how such advances will directly affect human society, and the ethical dilemmas that could result. Our Grandchildren Redesigned is fascinating from cover to cover and near-impossible to put down. Highly recommended!”
    —The Midwest Book Review


    From the Hardcover edition.

    About the Author
    Michael Bess is the Chancellor’s Professor of History at Vanderbilt University. He has received major fellowships from the J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, the American Council of Learned Societies, the National Human Genome Research Institute, the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, and the Fulbright program. His previous books include Choices Under Fire and The Light-Green Society.

    Most helpful customer reviews

    1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
    A decent high level book on the subject that is really for the novice
    By Yoda
    This is a review of the unabridged MP3 version of this work

    Any review of this book would have to start out by mentioning the fact that the author, Michael Bess, is a Professor of history specializing in the social and cultural impacts of technology. This is the direction the book comes from. The author looks at this subject from this particular angle. Those interested in a detailed analysis and discussion of the specific technologies, in particular electrical or mechanical, that will enable the modifications of humans over the next 40 or so years should instead see the relevant chapters of Ray Kurzweil’s “The Singularity is Near”. The few chapters of that book do an excellent chapter at discussing the technologies in detail and from the perspective of Dr Kurzweil (i.e., from the view of an electrical engineer).

    Dr. Bess starts off his book with a handful of chapters providing a high level view of the various technologies that may enable humanity to modify itself. He provides a discussion of pharmaceuticals, bioelectronics, genetics and other technologies that he believes will make this possible. As stated previously however, this discussion is very high level. It is not for the knowledgeable or for those who seek a more detailed examination of these technologies or, for that matter, anyone with anything more than an introductory level of (or no) knowledge regarding these technologies.

    Then Dr. Bess goes into various social issues such as impact on inequality, discrimination, competitiveness between humans, etc. In regard to this he proves, at least in this reviewer’s opinion, more successful than in his discussion of the technologies. Given he is a history professor specializing in the impact of these technologies this is no surprise.

    Dr. Bess then goes into how this will impact humanity’s identity, a particularly important question considering that these technologies can (and probably will) change the meaning of being human. This is not only in terms of extending the lifespan of humans, which will have a minimal impact on humanity’s identity, but in terms of many of the impacts of specific technologies. For example, modifications to the brain that will permit humans to process large amounts of information in a parallel method (like today’s “thinking” supercomputers such as Watson) will blur the line of time in the thought process. We will be able to think not in one string of thought at any one time but in many. We may end up having more “artificial” components within us than “natural”. Humans may be able to communicate via thought and networks instead of through voice (and hence be able to communicate with large numbers of other persons or machines simultaneously). All this implies humanity looking more android than human. More specifically, more like the “Borg” from “Star Trek: The Next Generation”.

    Dr. Bess, like many others including technologists, is careful to point out that not only will there be positives with human modification (i.e., extended lifespan, mitigation or elimination of many diseases, ability for greater accomplishments due to greater abilities, etc.) but there will also be dangers. Dangers include not only the impact on social structures (i.e., creation of underclass among those unable to afford cutting edge technologies, etc.) and on humanity’s identity but simply dangers stemming from the direct technological uncertainty on implementing this technology in terms of, say, physiology. For example, pharmaceuticals that enable one to keep all facts in one’s memory, as opposed to forgetting, may lead some unforeseen effects on the brain. Too much information input may lead to a society where anxiety and neurosis may run amuck. And so on. He warns that humanity will have to move slowly so as to be able to spot such problems before it is too late. International cooperation is something else he also emphasizes to this end. Considering the zero sum game such technologies will have on people and societies (i.e., the individual or society who chooses to wait will fall behind in ability to find work, the world pecking order, etc.) though many of his recommendations, in this regard, seem little more than wishful thinking.

    Dr. Hess concludes by emphasizing that people will have to be selective in the implants and modifications they should adopt. They will have to think first and really, really know themselves. Knowing oneself is not a recommendation that is recent though. Socrates gave that advice 25 centuries ago. “Know thyself” is one of his most famous maxims. Yet, despite this, this has still been a problem since. Few people seem to have been able to answer this question and to act upon it in a meaningful way. Why would anyone expect this to change in the future? Hence how will humans of the future be able to make the correct choices as to how to modify themselves?

    In short, this book is geared to the novice who has little knowledge of the technologies discussed and has read or thought little about their social impacts and their impacts on human identity. For that audience this book is worthy of a 4 star or so. For those with more extensive knowledge of the technologies and who has read and thought more on social impacts and issues of human identity the book has nothing novel or profound to say. For that audience 3 stars or so.

    A last comment is in regard to the performance of the audiobook. It is not bad but nothing to shout about either though. Pretty much a three-star performance.

    7 of 7 people found the following review helpful.
    Pragmatic and Balanced Examination of Human Enhancement Technologies
    By Kevin Joseph
    Our Grandchildren Redesigned offers a comprehensive and balanced look at the inevitable future of human enhancement. Unlike some futurists, who tend to approach these issues with a strong pro-enhancement or anti-enhancement bias, Michael Bess brings an unwaveringly pragmatic viewpoint to the subject matter. His thesis is that our best hope for integrating enhancements into our society, without creating undesirable gaps between the haves and have-nots, compromising our values, or losing touch with what it means to be human, is to create a worldwide regulatory framework that keeps tabs on enhancement technologies and ensures they progress in a measured and sensible way, ensuring access to basic enhancements by all and banning certain technologies that pose too great of a threat to our values. He effectively uses hypothetical scenarios to show how various types of genetic, pharmaceutical and bioelectric enhancements would impact our day-to-day lifestyles, and draws upon these examples to frame important questions about justice and identity.

    While the challenges he identifies are daunting, and the solutions he proposes are often complex, in the end he leaves us with an optimistic message that the human race can influence its future evolution by making careful choices about what enhances and detracts from important human values. I can only hope that leaders in these fields read this book and consider its important message.

    -Kevin Joseph, author of The Champion Maker

    1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
    Thinkers like Voltaire, Diderot
    By john messerly
    (from reasonandmeaning.com)

    Vanderbilt University's Michael Bess has written an extraordinarily thoughtful new book: Our Grandchildren Redesigned: Life In The BioEngineered Society Of The Near Future. The first part of the book introduces the reader to the technologies that will enhance the physical, emotional, and intellectual abilities of our children and grandchildren: pharmaceuticals, bioelectronics, genetics, nanotechnology, robotics, artificial intelligence, synthetic biology, and virtual reality.

    In the second part of the book Bess sets out the pro and cons of human enhancement. The arguments against bioenhancement are that doing so: 1) plays god or interferes with nature; 2) destroys the qualities that make us human; 3) subverts dignity by commodifying human traits; 4) displays hubris and robs life of its meaning; and 5) rejects the limitations that define humanity. In these multiple ways enhancement will lead to disaster. The arguments for bioenhancement are that doing so: 1) continues the long process of controlling ourselves and our world; 2) expresses our natural desires for new capabilities and richer experiences; 3) rejects the legacy of blind evolution and advocates directing the evolutionary process; 4) will reduce suffering and other constraints on our being; and 5) pursues our potential to be more than we are now, which is what gives life meaning.

    Bess argues that the differences between the pro and anti-enhancement camps reflect the tension between conservative and romantic reactions to the Enlightenment. Thinkers like Voltaire, Diderot, Locke, and Kant emphasized progress and perfectibility combined with an optimism about human social and moral evolution. Progress could continue indefinitely, as humans used reason to unlock their inner potential. But conservatives like Edmund Burke saw human nature as limited and more fixed. Instead of progressive social evolution, they saw recurring patterns of greed and violence.

    Bess suggests a via media between these two visions. He sees the human condition as characterized by change, innovation and novelty, as well as by continuity, preservation and order. Wisdom combines the two visions: "hope ... tempered by humility ... an attitude of openness to the future, chastened by the sobering lessons of past experience. The resulting moral maxim would be: embrace innovation, but proceed critically, incrementally, and cautiously in adopting it; explore new possibilities, but remain acutely cognizant of the historical track record as you go." Bess refers to his view as "chastened optimism." (78)

    Chastened optimism considers various forms of enhancement on a case-by-case basis, but what moral framework should we use to make these assessments? SInce human beings differ regarding their moral beliefs, Bess argues that the best we can do is to combine the ancient concept of human flourishing with today's positive psychology and the "capabilities approach" in economic theory. Together these two fields have come to a consensus about the personal traits and social conditions that contribute to human flourishing, and Bess believes that this provides a framework for assessing enhancement technologies. The key factors in human flourishing from the individual perspective are: security; dignity; autonomy; personal fulfillment; authenticity; and pursuit of practical wisdom. From a societal perspective the key factors are: fairness; interpersonal connectedness; civic engagement; and transcendence. This framework helps us answer questions about whether a particular enhancement will or will not contribute to human flourishing, although in most cases the answer will not be straightforward.

    Other questions will arise as well. Who gets enhanced? Will this create a new caste system? What of those who reject enhancement? Bess thinks it unlikely that first world democracies would tolerate a biological class system, and that violence may accompany the desire for universal access to enhancement technologies. As for those who reject these technologies, it is unclear whether the non-modified will be able to live peaceably beside the modified as the Amish do today. But when large numbers of individuals choose to adopt bioenhancement, there will be tremendous pressure on others to do so as well. But the implications are startling. By the end of this century non-modified humans will be at a distinct disadvantage. Given enough time, modified and non-modified humans will be different species.

    In the third part of the book explores the more ethereal effects enhancements will have on individual humans. Do pharmaceuticals enhance our experiences by disconnecting us from reality? Do enhancements mechanize the self by eliminating the messy and unpredictable aspects of human experience? And if the answer is yes to these questions are enhancements worth the price?

    Similar questions arise regarding moral enhancement. Suppose we can give people a "morality pill" to increase the likelihood that people would make ethical choices, an idea that is becoming increasingly realistic. This pill (or chemical we put in the water) wouldn't completely override free will; rather it would increase the proclivity toward altruism. Bess says we should reject the pill because intention is a large part of what makes an act moral and the pill too heavily influences moral intention. In short he believes that free will is worth the price of whatever negative outcomes follow from it. I think that this is a very large price to pay for an idea, free will, that may be illusory anyway. Still Bess maintains that moral enhancement, to the extent it undermines free will, removes moral meaning from the world. But I would reply that who cares about discarding the idea moral meaning if a better world would result. No doubt I am revealing my utilitarian preferences.

    Other ethereal problems relating to human identity include: the possible monitoring and sharing of our intimate thoughts; the development of better virtual reality; and the extension of human lifespans. In addition enhancement technologies will bring about unforeseen consequences. What will be the future of sex, food, privacy, the arts, and war? No doubt the future will be weird in ways that are at present inconceivable. Bess thinks we should be a bit scared. "If you think your iPhone is a transformative device, just wait til they turn on your brain-machine interface." (174)

    The last section of the book explores the ethical questions raised by the pursuit of human enhancement. How far should we go with enhancements? What modifications should embrace and which should we reject? Will we even have a say in determining such matters? What is generally better, modest or radical enhancements? What sorts of creatures do we want to become, and what sort do we to avoid becoming?

    Bess doubts that we can "just say no" to these technologies for even if we did some would pursue them in a black market or in countries that approve of such technologies. Thus complete relinquishment of enhancement technologies is a non-starter. So the real question is whether we want to pursue enhancements at a low-level, increasing today's capabilities; at a mid-level, capabilities beyond today's levels but still recognized as human; or a high level, capabilities we would classify as transhuman or posthuman.

    It is the transhumanist vision that Bess especially fears. He argues that you cannot have a radically expanded cognitive architecture with transforming identity. Such a consciousness would no longer be anything like the consciousness it used to be. Thus, to transform ourselves in this manner would be to terminate ourselves and become a new kind of sentient being. But we should not do this because of the potential for posthumans to harm others. "Until we know a great deal more than we do today about what such entities would be like ... it would be the height of folly and irresponsibility to proceed with the project of creating them ... The potential rewards are too uncertain, and the risks are far too great." Furthermore, the societal consequences of some of us becoming posthuman might tear the fabric of civilization apart.

    While Bess admits that the temptation to pursue radical enhancements will be great, he counsels restraint. He hopes that as we adapt to low-level changes, we can gradually relax the constraints on mid-level and high-level ones. Of course he admits that enforcing these moratoriums would be difficult, and international cooperation would be difficult to achieve, but arms control provides a model of how this might be accomplished. Still trying to control technologies that may spell our doom is worth the effort. While we may not be able to control where enhancement technology leads, we can still influence the path it takes.

    Bess' book is one of the most thoughtful meditations on the future that I have encountered. Moreover, the book is carefully and conscientiously crafted, and meticulously argued. He is impartial to the end, giving a fair hearing to contradictory arguments. In the end I would situate Bess' views a bit more toward the conservative side of the argument. While he is optimistic that we can muddle our way through the coming storm, which demands a large dose of optimism indeed, I sense more fear than excitement. I think Bess overestimates how good life is now, and underestimates how good it can be.

    Bess concludes that in the future: "the most potent deed of all will still take the form of a smile, a silent nod of empathy, a hand gently laid on someone's arm. The merest act of kindness will still remain the Ultimate Enhancement." This is touching, and it reminds us that remaking the world demands more than just engineering. But Iet us hope that Bess doesn't mean this literally; let us hope that in the future we can do more for human suffering than smile, nod and touch. Let us hope that someday there will be more than just kindness to ameliorate the reality of our descendents.

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